Ex-Warehouse or Ex-Factory

These are the commonly used terms in business correspondence. These show the terms and conditions on which business transactions are made. The term “Ex-Warehouse” or “Ex-Factory” means that the delivery of the goods is to take place at seller’s factory or warehouse. The goods are supplied direct from the factory or warehouse. This term indicates that the buyer of a commodity will pay the charges for bringing goods from the place where they are stored.

Ex-Ship

In case of import of goods by sea, prices of goods are offered as ‘Ex-Ship’ prices. This is the price which is charged by the seller in order to deliver the goods at the seaport or dock. All such business transactions in which goods are delivered to the buyers at the dock or seaport are termed as ‘Ex-Ship Sales’. Ex-Ship Prices do not include costs of unloading and delivery to the premises of the buyers.

Dividend

That which is to be dividend, the share of a sum dividend that falls to each individual by way of interest or otherwise. It refers to the divided part of profit of a company which is paid to its share-holders or stock-holders against their investments.

Dumping

Literally ‘Dumping’ means to place goods on a market, especially in a foreign market, in large quantities and at a low rete. When a country tries to capture the market of a foreign country, it starts dumping its goods in large quantities and at low prices, sometimes, even below the cost of production. Particularly, when there is a severe competition between countries in the export of goods, a country dumps its goods to promote its sales abroad and to acquire monopoly in foreign markets. After the Second World War Japan dumped the markets of foreign countries by selling its goods at lower prices. China, Taiwan and Hong Kong are doing the same at present.

Deflation

When the supply of money relatively to the demand decreases to such an extent that prices, in general, fall, there is said to be a contraction or deflation of currency. Deflation causes a rise in the value of money and fall in the prices of commodities.

Depression

Depression is the state of drastic decline in prices as well as in business activity. It also refers to the period of unemployment and stagnation of national economy of a country. As a market term it refers to a long period of seriously reduced business activity and fall of prices. The state of depression is taken as a serious loss to investors because there are neither buyers nor sellers and the investors have to remain stuck to their investments and stocks.

Demurrage

After goods reach a port, they are required to be cleared within a stipulated time. Sometimes, the goods are not cleared within the specified period of time because of one or the other reason. The detention of ship or other cargo-carrier for loading or unloading, beyond the scheduled time of departure is termed as ‘Demurrage’. A charge made on the goods by Railway or Transport Companies or shippers etc. for retaining goods beyond a specified time is called Demurrage.