Haggling

Haggling means bargaining. It is a process of coming to an agreement about rates by making offers and counter offers by the buyer and the seller. It is a very important feature of the retail market. Haggling also means to wrangle over the prices.

Flat

A market is said to be flat when it indicates low level of prices. A downward movement of prices sometimes touches the bottom line and there is no sign of an immediate upward charge. In simple words, a market in which prices are extremely weak or low due to more sellers than buyers is described as ‘Flat’.

Ex-Ship

In case of import of goods by sea, prices of goods are offered as ‘Ex-Ship’ prices. This is the price which is charged by the seller in order to deliver the goods at the seaport or dock. All such business transactions in which goods are delivered to the buyers at the dock or seaport are termed as ‘Ex-Ship Sales’. Ex-Ship Prices do not include costs of unloading and delivery to the premises of the buyers.

Dumping

Literally ‘Dumping’ means to place goods on a market, especially in a foreign market, in large quantities and at a low rete. When a country tries to capture the market of a foreign country, it starts dumping its goods in large quantities and at low prices, sometimes, even below the cost of production. Particularly, when there is a severe competition between countries in the export of goods, a country dumps its goods to promote its sales abroad and to acquire monopoly in foreign markets. After the Second World War Japan dumped the markets of foreign countries by selling its goods at lower prices. China, Taiwan and Hong Kong are doing the same at present.

Depression

Depression is the state of drastic decline in prices as well as in business activity. It also refers to the period of unemployment and stagnation of national economy of a country. As a market term it refers to a long period of seriously reduced business activity and fall of prices. The state of depression is taken as a serious loss to investors because there are neither buyers nor sellers and the investors have to remain stuck to their investments and stocks.